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Barony of Vaud
The Barony of Vaud was an appanage of the County of Savoy, corresponding roughly to the modern Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It was created by a process of acquisition on the part of a younger brother of the reigning count beginning in 1234 and culminated in the formalisation of its relationship to the county in 1286. It was semi-independent state, capable of entering into relations with its sovereign, the Holy Roman Emperor (as in 1284), and of fighting alongside the French in the Hundred Years' War. It ceased to exist when it was bought by the count in 1359. It was then integrated into the Savoyard state, where the title Baron of Vaud (Italian ''barone di Vaud'') remained a subsidiary title of the heads of the family at least as late as the reign of Charles Albert of Sardinia, although the territory of the barony was annexed by the Canton of Bern during the Protestant Reformation (1536).〔See S. M. Lindsay and Leo S. Rowe, "Supplement: Constitution of the Kingdom of Italy", ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 5, Supp. 9 (1894), 1–44. The ''Statuto albertino'' is the constitution referred to.〕
==Geography and economy==
The ''pays de Vaud'' at the time of the its purchase by the Count of Savoy in 1359 comprised fertile farmland probably yielding more revenues annually than the neighbouring County of Geneva. It lay between the lakes Geneva and Neuchâtel, and between Lausanne, which was the seat of the Bishop of Lausanne, to the west and Bern, which was a self-governing commune, to the east. It lay on important trade routes leading from the Alpine passes of the Great St Bernard and Simplon along its lakeside paths northwards into Germany and westward into France.〔Cox (1967), 131–32.〕
The appanage of Vaud that was formally ceded to the younger brother of the count in January 1286 was a fief of the count owing liege homage. A few lords of the ''pays de Vaud'' remained liege vassals of the count and their lands were not a part of the barony of Vaud. These were the Count of Gruyère and the lords of Châtel and Cossonay. Politically, the barony of Vaud was divided into ten castellanies centred on Nyon, Rolle, Morges (which was the baronial capital, where homage was received and the administration overseen),〔Cox (1967), 136.〕 Moudon (which was the first Savoyard acquisition in the region in 1207),〔Cox (1974), 19.〕 Estavayer, Romont, Rue, Yverdon, Les Clées, and Vaulruz.〔For the feudal geography of Vaud, see Cox (1967), 132 n. 43.〕
The feudal obligations owed by the baron of Vaud are evidenced by the participation of 160 men-at-arms (''gentes armorum''), who were mounted and fully armoured, and 2,500 infantrymen, all of whom were pledged to serve at least twenty-two days in the campaign of the spring of 1352 against the ''pays de Gex''.〔Cox (1967), 99.〕 When the barony was ruled by a baroness, who was not therefore a banneret entitled to lead troops in battle under his own banner, the men-at-arms of Vaud fought under their ''bailli''. In the spring of 1355, when the Count of Savoy was invading the Barony of Faucigny, the baroness of Vaud provided 122 men-at-arms under her ''bailli'', Jean de Blonay, and another seventeen under his lieutenant, Arnaud d'Aigrement.〔Cox (1967), 109.〕
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